C# Foreach循环本质与枚举器
对于C#里面的Foreach学过?语言的人都知道怎么用,但是其原理相信很多人和我一样都没有去深究。刚回顾泛型讲到枚举器让我联想到了Foreach的实现,所以进行一番探究,有什么不对或者错误的地方大家多多斧正。 1、创建一个控制台应用程序2、编写测试代码并分析在Program类中写一个foreach循环 class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List peopleList = new List() { "张三",李四王五" }; foreach (string people in peopleList) { Console.WriteLine(people); } Console.ReadKey(); } } 生成项目将项目编译后在debug目录下用Reflection反编译ForeachTest.exe程序集后查看Program类的IL代码,IL代码如下: 1 .class private auto ansi beforefieldinit Program 2 extends [mscorlib]System.Object 3 { 4 .method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor() cil managed 5 { 6 .maxstack 8 7 L_0000: ldarg.0 8 L_0001: call instance [mscorlib]System.Object::.ctor() 9 L_0006: ret 10 } 11 12 .method private hidebysig [] args) cil managed 13 14 .entrypoint 15 .maxstack 2 16 .locals init ( 17 [0] class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<string> list,18 [1] str,1)">19 [2] list2,1)">20 [3] valuetype [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1/Enumerator`0< enumerator,1)">21 [4] bool flag) 22 L_0000: nop 23 L_0001: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`::.ctor() 24 L_0006: stloc.2 25 L_0007: ldloc.26 L_0008: ldstr u5f20u4e09" 27 L_000d: callvirt instance string>::Add(!0) 28 L_0012: nop 29 L_0013: ldloc.30 L_0014: ldstr u674eu56db31 L_0019: callvirt instance 32 L_001e: nop 33 L_001f: ldloc.34 L_0020: ldstr u738bu4e9435 L_0025: callvirt instance 36 L_002a: nop 37 L_002b: ldloc.38 L_002c: stloc.39 L_002d: nop 40 L_002e: ldloc.41 L_002f: callvirt instance valuetype [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`0<!0> [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`::GetEnumerator() 42 L_0034: stloc.3 43 L_0035: br.s L_0048 44 L_0037: ldloca.s enumerator 45 L_0039: call instance !0 [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`::get_Current() 46 L_003e: stloc.1 47 L_003f: nop 48 L_0040: ldloc.49 L_0041: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(50 L_0046: nop 51 L_0047: nop 52 L_0048: ldloca.s enumerator 53 L_004a: call instance bool [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`::MoveNext() 54 L_004f: stloc.s flag 55 L_0051: ldloc.s flag 56 L_0053: brtrue.s L_0037 57 L_0055: leave.s L_0066 58 L_0057: ldloca.s enumerator 59 L_0059: constrained. [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`string> 60 L_005f: callvirt instance [mscorlib]System.IDisposable::Dispose() 61 L_0064: nop 62 L_0065: endfinally 63 L_0066: nop 64 L_0067: call valuetype [mscorlib]System.ConsoleKeyInfo [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadKey() 65 L_006c: pop 66 L_006d: ret 67 .try L_0035 to L_0057 finally handler L_0057 to L_0066 68 69 }View Code 在反编译的IL代码中我们看到除了构建List和其他输出,然后多了三个方法:GetEnumerator(),get_Current() ,MoveNext() ,于是通过反编译reflector查看List泛型类,在List里面找到GetEnumerator方法是继承自接口IEnumerable 的方法,List实现的GetEnumerator方法代码 public Enumerator GetEnumerator() => new Enumerator((List) this); 即返回一个Enumerator泛型类,然后传入的参数是List泛型自己 this。接下来查看?Enumerator<T>泛型类 ? [Serializable,StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct Enumerator : IEnumerator<T>,IDisposable,IEnumerator { private List<T> list; private int index; version; T current; internal Enumerator(List<T> list) { this.list = list; this.index = ; this.version = list._version; this.current = default(T); } Dispose() { } MoveNext() { List<T> list = this.list; if ((this.version == list._version) && (this.index < list._size)) { this.current = list._items[.index]; this.index++; return true; } .MoveNextRare(); } MoveNextRare() { if (this.version != .list._version) { ThrowHelper.ThrowInvalidOperationException(ExceptionResource.InvalidOperation_EnumFailedVersion); } this.index = this.list._size + 1(T); false; } public T Current => .current; object IEnumerator.Current { get { this.index == 0) || (this.index == ())) { ThrowHelper.ThrowInvalidOperationException(ExceptionResource.InvalidOperation_EnumOpCantHappen); } .Current; } } IEnumerator.Reset() { (T); } } 我们看到这个Enumerator<T>泛型类实现了接口IEnumerator的方法,也就是我们测试的ForeachTest程序集反编译后IL代码中出现的get_Current() ,MoveNext() 方法。所以foreach实际上是编译器编译后先调用GetEnumerator方法返回Enumerator的实例,这个实例即是一个枚举器实例。通过MoveNext方法移动下标来查找下一个list元素,get_Current方法获取当前查找到的元素,Reset方法是重置list。 3、总结因此要使用Foreach遍历的对象是继承了IEnumerable接口然后实现GetEnumerator方法。返回的实体对象需要继承IEnumerator接口并实现相应的方法遍历对象。因此Foreach的另一种写法如下。 (编辑:北几岛) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |